-na_4

de: -th [ORDINAL NUMERAL]

hm: 4

lx: -aad

ps: num-ord-suf

xe: fourth

xv: afaraad

key: -aad_4

de: product of, result of [GERUND] Makes a masculine noun of Declension 2 from a Conjugation 1 verb stem

hm: 4

lx: -aal

ps: vn2-m-suf

xe: waiting, expectation

xv: script; sugaal

key: -aal_4

de: they do (X)

hm: 4

lx: -aan

ps: v1-3pl-prhb

xe: they eat

xv: cunaan

key: -aan_4

de: my

hm: 4

lx: -day

ps: pro-det-1sg

xe: my mother

xv: =-tayda

key: -day_4

de: do not (X)!, don't you all do (X)!

hm: 3

lx: -ina

ps: v1-neg-imp-pl

xe: Dont write anything on the desks!

xv: Wax ha ku qorina miisaska korkooda!

key: -ina_3

de: your (own)

hm: 4

lx: -kaa

ps: pro-det-2sg

see: =-kaaga

key: -kaa_4

de: we do (X)

hm: 2

lx: -naa

ps: v1-1pl-prhb

xe: We want something.

xv: Wax baannu rabnaa.

key: -naa_2

de: to [AUTOBENEFACTIVE INFINITIVE]

hm: 4

lx: -san

ps: v3a-inf-suf

xe: to lie down

xv: jiifsan

key: -san_4

de: I do / he does (X)

hm: 4

lx: -taa

ps: v3b-1sg/3m-prhb

xe: I catch

xv: qabtaa

key: -taa_4

de: do (X) to each other ~ to one another Forms a verb with a reciprocal meaning

hm: 4

lx: -tan

ps: v1-reciprocal-suf

xe: fight with sticks

xv: ultan

key: -tan_4

a: -ka after c, h, kh, q, x, '

de: the [MASCULINE DEFINITE ARTICLE]

hm: 1

lx: -a

ps: det-m-suf

xe: the head

xv: madaxa

key: -a_1

de: you all do (X)! [IMPERATIVE PLURAL]

hm: 2

lx: -a

ps: v-imp-pl

xe: You all eat it!

xv: Cuna!

key: -a_2

de: don't! [NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE PLURAL] Added to imperative singular form

hm: 3

lx: -a

ps: v-neg-imp-pl

xe: Dont you all bring it!', Ha safeynnina! 'Don't clean it!', Ha imannina! 'Don't come!

xv: Ha keenina!

key: -a_3

de: it is ... who does (X) Reduced subject verb agreement suffix

hm: 5

lx: -a

ps: v-subj-prhb

xe: It is I who want it.

xv: Aniga ayaa raba.

key: -a_5

de: [FUTURE TIME MARKER]

hm: 6

lx: -a

ps: np-time

xe: at noon; Contrast -ii, -to

xv: duhurka

key: -a_6

de: they did (X)

hm: 4

lx: -e

ps: v1-3pl-ipst

xe: They brought it.

xv: Keene.

key: -e_4

de: =-ness Forms feminine abstract nouns from adjectives

hm: 4

lx: -i

ps: n-f-abs-suf

xe: thinness

xv: dhuubni

key: -i_4

de: to [INFINITIVE]

hm: 1

lx: -n

ps: v2a-inf

xe: to give;

xv: -i (5)

key: -n_1

de: did not (X)

hm: 2

lx: -n

ps: v2a-neg-past

xe: did not pay

xv: =-nnin

key: -n_2

de: do not ~ don't (X)!

hm: 3

lx: -n

ps: v2a-neg-imp

xe: Dont cook it!

xv: Ha karin!

key: -n_3

de: we did (X)

lx: -nay

ps: v1-1pl-past

xe: we lit it

xv: shidnay

key: -nay

de: that is / are (X)ing Relative present verb suffix

hm: 4

lx: -o

ps: v-rel-prhb

xe: I must see you.

xv: Waa in aan ku arko.

key: -o_4

cf: annaga

de: us (not you) [exclusive]

hm: 1

lx: na

ps: pro-1pl-obj

key: na_1

de: I do (X) / he does (X)

hm: 3

lx: -aa

ps: v1-1sg/3m-prhb

xe: I go to the movies.

xv: Shaneemada baan tagaa.

key: -aa_3

de: I / he was

hm: 5

lx: -aa

ps: v5a-1sg/3m-past

xe: He was heavy.

xv: Wuu cuslaa.

key: -aa_5

de: [FOCUS] Abr: baa

hm: 6

lx: -aa

ps: focus-suf

xe: I used to own this shop.

xv: Dukaankan anigaa lahaan jirey.

key: -aa_6

a: =-kan

de: this

hm: 4

lx: -an

ps: det-m-suf

xe: this street

xv: dariiqan

key: -an_4

a: =-ow

de: become, get [INCHOATIVE]

hm: 4

lx: -aw

ps: v1-inch-imp

see: =-oob

key: -aw_4

de: he did (X)

hm: 4

lx: -ay

ps: v3-3m-ipst

xe: He stopped. (independent past form, used for emphasis)

xv: Joogs‡y.

key: -ay_4

a: -ta on feminine nouns ending in a vowel, d, h, kh, x, w, y, or '

de: the [FEMININE DEFINITE ARTICLE]

hm: 1

lx: -da

ps: det-f-suf

key: -da_1

de: [IMPERATIVE PLURAL]

hm: 2

lx: -da

ps: v3-imp-pl

xe: stop!

xv: joogsada

key: -da_2

de: which? [MASCULINE]

hm: 4

lx: -ee

ps: qw-det-m

xe: Which name do you like?

xv: =-kee

key: -ee_4

a: =-ay

de: I / he did (X)

hm: 4

lx: -ey

ps: v1-1sg/3m-past

key: -ey_4

a: =-ka after nouns that end in a vowel

de: the [MASCULINE DEFINITE ARTICLE]

hm: 3

lx: -ha

ps: det-m-suf

xe: the water

xv: biyo ~ biyaha

key: -ha_3

de: may s.o. not do (X)!; don't let s.o. do (X)!

hm: 4

lx: -in

ps: v1-neg-opt

xe: Dont let him drink alcohol!

xv: Khamri yaanu cabbin!

key: -in_4

a: -a, -ga, -ha

de: the [MASCULINE DEFINITE ARTICLE] Provides new information

hm: 3

lx: -ka

ps: det-m-suf

key: -ka_3

de: not; does not ~ doesn't; do, did ~ will not Introduces negative statement; can also be used as a suffix

hm: 1

lx: -ma

ps: neg

key: -ma_1

de: INTERROGATIVE ~ QUESTION MARKER

hm: 2

lx: -ma

ps: qw-class

xe: when?

xv: goorma

key: -ma_2

de: -th [ORDINAL NUM-ERAL] After numbers in written texts

lx: -naad

ps: num-ord-abr

xe: fifteenth

xv: =-aad

key: -naad

de: we do not do (X)

hm: 1

lx: -no

ps: v1-1pl-neg-prhb

xe: We dont eat that.

xv: Maynu cunno kaas.

key: -no_1

de: that we do (X)

hm: 2

lx: -no

ps: v1-1pl-rel-prhb

xe: He knows that we are here.

xv: Wuu ogyahay inaannu halkan joogno.

key: -no_2

de: let us!; may we do (X)!

hm: 3

lx: -no

ps: v1-1pl-opt

xe: Lets drink some tea!

xv: Shaah aynu cabno!

key: -no_3

a: -dha, -da, -sha

de: the [FEMININE DEFINITE ARTICLE] Provides new information

hm: 1

lx: -ta

ps: det-f-suf

key: -ta_1

de: IMPERATIVE PLURAL

hm: 2

lx: -ta

ps: v3b-imp-pl

xe: catch it!

xv: qabta

key: -ta_2

de: NOUN FORMER Forms nouns from verbs

hm: 4

lx: -to

ps: n6-f-suf

xe: travellers

xv: hostess, socoto

key: -to_4

de: may I ~ he do (X)!; let me ~ him do (X)!

hm: 4

lx: -yo

ps: v2-1sg/3m-opt

xe: Let me prepare the food!

xv: Cuntada an sameeyo!

key: -yo_4

cf: innaga

de: us [inclusive]

hm: 1

lx: ina

ps: pro-1pl-obj

key: ina_1

cf: ilmo

de: son, daughter used as a title before a personal name; NB: different tone for each gender;

hm: 2

lx: ina

ps: name

key: ina_2

de: first cousin (child of maternal uncle)

hm: 3

lx: ina

pd: (-ga ~ -da Pl: ilma-abti (ga))

ps: n2a-m/f, n8-m/f

key: ina_3

de: first cousin from the paternal aunt's side {C & S}

hm: 5

lx: ina

pd: (/ha Pl: ilma-eeddo (/da))

ps: n2-m-cmp

key: ina_5

de: lo and behold!

hm: 4

initial: s

lx: saa

ps: intj

key: saa_4

a: waay

de: fail, be unable to do (X) With infinitive form of the verb; Wey keeni weyday. 'She failed to bring it.'

hm: 4

initial: w

lx: waa

pd: (waayay / wayday)

ps: v1=aux

key: waa_4

de: they do (X)

hm: 4

lx: -daan

ps: v3b-3pl-prhb

xe: They are borrowing this money.

xv: Lacagtan bey amaahdaan.

key: -daan_4

de: this, these

hm: 4

lx: -dhan

ps: deic-f-suf

xe: this girl

xv: =-tan

key: -dhan_4

de: you all do not (X)

hm: 4

lx: -taan

ps: v1-2pl-neg-prhb

xe: you all dont bring it

xv: ma keentaan

key: -taan_4

de: PLURAL FORM Plural suffix for noun declension 7

hm: 4

lx: -yaal

ps: n7-pl-suf

xe: workers

xv: shaqaalayaal

key: -yaal_4

de: they do not (X)

hm: 4

lx: -yaan

ps: v2-3pl-neg-prhb

xe: They dont clean.

xv: Ma safeeyaan

key: -yaan_4

de: state of having no shame

hm: 4

lx: indha

pd: (-ta)

ps: n-f-abs

key: indha_4