Macnaha iyo Turjumaadda | erey•ga

1

de: and

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -na

4

ps: conj-suf

5

xe: He drank liquor and he got drunk.

6

xv: Khamri buu cabbey wuuna sakhraamay.

7

key: -na_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: we do (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -naa

4

ps: v1-1pl-prhb

5

xe: We want something.

6

xv: Wax baannu rabnaa.

7

key: -naa_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you all do (X)! [IMPERATIVE PLURAL]

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v-imp-pl

5

xe: You all eat it!

6

xv: Cuna!

7

key: -a_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: did not (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -n

4

ps: v2a-neg-past

5

xe: did not pay

6

xv: =-nnin

7

key: -n_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [IMPERATIVE PLURAL]

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -da

4

ps: v3-imp-pl

5

xe: stop!

6

xv: joogsada

7

key: -da_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: INTERROGATIVE ~ QUESTION MARKER

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -ma

4

ps: qw-class

5

xe: when?

6

xv: goorma

7

key: -ma_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

FIELD24: qofna

2

FIELD25: no one

3

FIELD26: waxna

4

FIELD27: nothing

5

de: not

6

hm: 3

7

lx: -na

8

ps: neg-suf

9

xe: not one

10

xv: midna

11

key: -na_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: it is we who do (X)

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -na

4

ps: v1-1pl-subj-prhb

5

xe: While we were in the house, the letter arrived.

6

xv: Annagoo guriga joogna, warqaddii ayaa timid.

7

key: -na_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: that we do (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -no

4

ps: v1-1pl-rel-prhb

5

xe: He knows that we are here.

6

xv: Wuu ogyahay inaannu halkan joogno.

7

key: -no_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: IMPERATIVE PLURAL

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -ta

4

ps: v3b-imp-pl

5

xe: catch it!

6

xv: qabta

7

key: -ta_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: ilmo

2

de: son, daughter used as a title before a personal name; NB: different tone for each gender;

3

hm: 2

4

lx: ina

5

ps: name

6

key: ina_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

mu.eb Magacuyaalka qofka labaad oo ka kooban 'adi' iyo 'na 2'.

waa la naqliyay ✓

mu.eb 1. Magacuyaalka qofka saddexaad ee kelida ah oo ka kooban 'iya 1' iyo 'na 2'. 2. Magacuyaalka qofka saddexaad ee wadarta ah oo ka kooban 'iya 2' iyo 'na 2'.

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [IMPERATIVE PLURAL]

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -ada

4

ps: v3a-imp-pl

5

xe: (You all) stop!

6

xv: Joogsada!

7

key: -ada_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: the [MASCULINE PLURAL] = -o + -ka

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -aha

4

ps: n1-m-pl-suf

5

xe: places

6

xv: meelaha

7

key: -aha_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: your

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -daa

4

ps: pro-det-2sg

5

xe: your mother

6

xv: =-taada

7

key: -daa_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you / she did (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -day

4

ps: v1-2sg/3f-past

5

xe: she took it

6

xv: =-tay

7

key: -day_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: your

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -haa

4

ps: pro-det-2sg

5

xe: your father

6

xv: =-kaaga

7

key: -haa_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: my

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -hay

4

ps: pro-det-1sg

5

xe: my father

6

xv: =-kayga

7

key: -hay_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: do not (X)!, don't you all do (X)!

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ina

4

ps: v1-neg-imp-pl

5

xe: Dont write anything on the desks!

6

xv: Wax ha ku qorina miisaska korkooda!

7

key: -ina_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: my

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -kay

4

ps: pro-det-1sg

5

see: =-kayga

6

key: -kay_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: may we do (X)!; let us do (X)!

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -nno

4

ps: v2-1pl-opt

5

xe: Lets count our sheep and goats!

6

xv: Arigayaga annu tirinno!

7

key: -nno_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: your

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -taa

4

ps: pro-det-2sg

5

see: =-taada

6

key: -taa_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I / he did (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -tay

4

ps: v3b-1sg/3m-past

5

xe: I studied

6

xv: bartay

7

key: -tay_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I also ..., me too = an(iga) + -na

2

hm: 2

3

lx: anna

4

ps: pro-red + conj

5

key: anna_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: carruur

2

de: girl; daughter, female child

3

hm: 2

4

lx: inan

5

pd: (-ta Pl: inamo (/ha))

6

ps: n1-f, n2c-f

7

syn: gabadh ~ gabar

8

key: inan_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: not ... that; nothing = in + na

2

hm: 2

3

lx: inna

4

ps: conj + neg

5

syn: waxna

6

key: inna_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: before with negative relative

2

hm: 2

3

lx: inta

4

ps: conj

5

key: inta_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: someone ... us [excl]

2

hm: 2

3

lx: lana

4

ps: pro + pro

5

see: nala

6

key: lana_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: -ka after c, h, kh, q, x, '

2

de: the [MASCULINE DEFINITE ARTICLE]

3

hm: 1

4

lx: -a

5

ps: det-m-suf

6

xe: the head

7

xv: madaxa

8

key: -a_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: don't! [NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE PLURAL] Added to imperative singular form

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v-neg-imp-pl

5

xe: Dont you all bring it!', Ha safeynnina! 'Don't clean it!', Ha imannina! 'Don't come!

6

xv: Ha keenina!

7

key: -a_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: he / she is not ...; they are not ...

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v5a-3-neg-prhb

5

xe: She doesn't like (it).

6

xv: Mey jecla

7

key: -a_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: it is ... who does (X) Reduced subject verb agreement suffix

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v-subj-prhb

5

xe: It is I who want it.

6

xv: Aniga ayaa raba.

7

key: -a_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [FUTURE TIME MARKER]

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -a

4

ps: np-time

5

xe: at noon; Contrast -ii, -to

6

xv: duhurka

7

key: -a_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: -ee or -ye; links declarative verb with other verb constructions

2

de: and

3

hm: 2

4

lx: -e

5

ps: conj-suf

6

key: -e_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: doon 'will', rab 'want', kar 'be able to', waay 'fail to', jir 'used to'

2

de: to [INFINITIVE] Used with certain auxiliary verbs;

3

hm: 2

4

lx: -i

5

ps: v1-inf-suf

6

key: -i_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: to [INFINITIVE]

2

hm: 1

3

lx: -n

4

ps: v2a-inf

5

xe: to give;

6

xv: -i (5)

7

key: -n_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: do not ~ don't (X)!

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -n

4

ps: v2a-neg-imp

5

xe: Dont cook it!

6

xv: Ha karin!

7

key: -n_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: -ing [GERUND] Makes a feminine verbal noun from a Conjugation 2a stem

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -n

4

ps: vn-f-suf

5

xe: searching

6

xv: raadin

7

key: -n_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: we did (X)

2

lx: -nay

3

ps: v1-1pl-past

4

xe: we lit it

5

xv: shidnay

6

key: -nay

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: do for oneself [AUTOBENE-FACTIVE]

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -o

4

ps: v3-suf

5

xe: go to sleep

6

xv: seexo

7

key: -o_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: ah!, oh! Expression of sorrow

2

hm: 2

3

lx: aa

4

ps: intj

5

key: aa_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: let me ..., may I ... Followed by optative to express a hope, blessing, decision, or curse

2

hm: 2

3

lx: an

4

ps: class-pro-1sg

5

xe: Let me eat this food.

6

xv: Cuntadan an cuno!

7

key: an_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: may, let Used to express a decision, hope, blessing or curse

2

hm: 2

3

lx: ha

4

ps: class-optative

5

xe: Long live Somalia.

6

xv: Soomaaliya ha noolaato!

7

key: ha_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: than [COMPARATIVE]

2

hm: 2

3

lx: ka

4

ps: prep

5

xe: Somalia is smaller than America.

6

xv: Soomaaliya Mareykan wey ka yartahay.

7

key: ka_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: ka, ku, u

2

de: with, in company with, together with

3

hm: 2

4

lx: la

5

ps: prep

6

key: la_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: annaga

2

de: us (not you) [exclusive]

3

hm: 1

4

lx: na

5

ps: pro-1pl-obj

6

key: na_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I do (X) / he does (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: v1-1sg/3m-prhb

5

xe: I go to the movies.

6

xv: Shaneemada baan tagaa.

7

key: -aa_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: your

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: pro-det-2sg

5

xe: your name

6

xv: =-kaaga

7

key: -aa_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I / he was

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: v5a-1sg/3m-past

5

xe: He was heavy.

6

xv: Wuu cuslaa.

7

key: -aa_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [FOCUS] Abr: baa

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: focus-suf

5

xe: I used to own this shop.

6

xv: Dukaankan anigaa lahaan jirey.

7

key: -aa_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: -ta on feminine nouns ending in a vowel, d, h, kh, x, w, y, or '

2

de: the [FEMININE DEFINITE ARTICLE]

3

hm: 1

4

lx: -da

5

ps: det-f-suf

6

key: -da_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: -e ~ -ye; links declarative verb with other verb constructions

2

de: and

3

hm: 2

4

lx: -ee

5

ps: conj-suf

6

key: -ee_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-ka after nouns that end in a vowel

2

de: the [MASCULINE DEFINITE ARTICLE]

3

hm: 3

4

lx: -ha

5

ps: det-m-suf

6

xe: the water

7

xv: biyo ~ biyaha

8

key: -ha_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you are not

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -id

4

ps: v5a-2sg-neg-prhb-suf

5

xe: You dont know.

6

xv: Maad ogid

7

key: -id_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-kii

2

de: the [MASCULINE KNOWN SUBJECT]

3

hm: 2

4

lx: -ii

5

ps: det-m-suf

6

key: -ii_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: did not (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -in

4

ps: v1-neg-past

5

xe: not eat

6

xv: ma cunin

7

key: -in_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: -a, -ga, -ha

2

de: the [MASCULINE DEFINITE ARTICLE] Provides new information

3

hm: 3

4

lx: -ka

5

ps: det-m-suf

6

key: -ka_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: FUTURE TIME MARKER

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -ka

4

ps: np-time

5

xe: next year; Contrast: -kii

6

xv: sannadka dambe

7

key: -ka_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: not; does not ~ doesn't; do, did ~ will not Introduces negative statement; can also be used as a suffix

2

hm: 1

3

lx: -ma

4

ps: neg

5

key: -ma_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: -th [ORDINAL NUM-ERAL] After numbers in written texts

2

lx: -naad

3

ps: num-ord-abr

4

xe: fifteenth

5

xv: =-aad

6

key: -naad

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: we do not do (X)

2

hm: 1

3

lx: -no

4

ps: v1-1pl-neg-prhb

5

xe: We dont eat that.

6

xv: Maynu cunno kaas.

7

key: -no_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: let us!; may we do (X)!

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -no

4

ps: v1-1pl-opt

5

xe: Lets drink some tea!

6

xv: Shaah aynu cabno!

7

key: -no_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: -aw ~ -oow

2

de: become, get [INCHOATIVE]

3

hm: 2

4

lx: -ow

5

ps: v3a-inch-imp

6

xe: approach

7

xv: -aan [inf], -aad

8

key: -ow_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: -ing [GERUND] Makes a masculine noun of Declension 2 from a Conjugation 1 stem

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -si

4

ps: vn2-m-suf

5

xe: cooking

6

xv: karsi

7

key: -si_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you do not / she does not (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -so

4

ps: v2-neg-prhb

5

xe: She does not cook.

6

xv: Mey kariso.

7

key: -so_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: -dha, -da, -sha

2

de: the [FEMININE DEFINITE ARTICLE] Provides new information

3

hm: 1

4

lx: -ta

5

ps: det-f-suf

6

key: -ta_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you do not / she does not (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -to

4

ps: v1-2sg/3f-neg-prhb

5

xe: Nobody is in.

6

xv: =-tid

7

key: -to_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: -e with stems ending in -i; makes masculine nouns of Declension 7 showing agent or instrument

2

de: -er, -or [AGENT / INSTRUMENT]

3

hm: 2

4

lx: -ye

5

ps: n7-m-suf

6

xe: counter

7

xv: tiriye

8

key: -ye_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: did not (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -yn

4

ps: v2b-neg-past

5

xe: did not make

6

xv: =-ynnin

7

key: -yn_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I do not / you do not (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -yo

4

ps: v2-1sg/3m-neg-prhb

5

xe: I do not cook

6

xv: Maan kariyo

7

key: -yo_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: curtain, partition (hanging ~ blind that separates one section from another in a room)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: ila

4

pd: (-ka)

5

ps: n-m

6

key: ila_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: innaga

2

de: us [inclusive]

3

hm: 1

4

lx: ina

5

ps: pro-1pl-obj

6

key: ina_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: first cousin (child of maternal uncle)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: ina

4

pd: (-ga ~ -da Pl: ilma-abti (ga))

5

ps: n2a-m/f, n8-m/f

6

key: ina_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: first cousin from paternal uncle's side

2

hm: 4

3

lx: ina

4

pd: (-ka ~ -ta Pl: ilma-adeer (ka))

5

ps: n2-m/f, n8-m/f

6

key: ina_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: first cousin from the paternal aunt's side {C & S}

2

hm: 5

3

lx: ina

4

pd: (/ha Pl: ilma-eeddo (/da))

5

ps: n2-m-cmp

6

key: ina_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: isaga

2

de: he, him

3

hm: 2

4

lx: isa

5

pd: (is)

6

ps: pro-red-3m

7

key: isa_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: iyaga

2

de: they, them

3

hm: 2

4

lx: iya

5

ps: pro-red-3pl

6

key: iya_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: from you, about you = ku + ka

2

hm: 2

3

lx: kaa

4

ps: pro + prep

5

xe: Ali took it from you.

6

xv: Cali kaa qaaday.

7

key: kaa_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: hate, be hostile to; reject

2

hm: 2

3

lx: nac

4

pd: (nacay / nacday)

5

ps: v1=

6

key: nac_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: arbitrate, deal with a legal case

2

hm: 2

3

lx: naq

4

pd: (naqay / naqday)

5

ps: v1=

6

key: naq_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: then, at that time

2

hm: 2

3

initial: s

4

lx: saa

5

ps: adv-time

6

key: saa_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: Organization of African Unity (OAU) Abr: Ururka Midowga Afrika

2

hm: 2

3

initial: u

4

lx: UMA

5

ps: acronym

6

key: UMA_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: time, era, epoch, occasion

2

hm: 2

3

initial: w

4

lx: waa

5

pd: (-ga Pl: waayo (/ha ~ /da))

6

ps: n1-m, n2a-m

7

key: waa_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: iyaa

2

de: what?, I beg your pardon? Used when one has not heard or did not understand what s.o. said

3

hm: 2

4

initial: y

5

lx: yaa

6

ps: qw

7

key: yaa_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I do / he does (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -adaa

4

ps: v3a-1sg/3m-prhb

5

xe: I buy rice.

6

xv: Bariis baan iibsadaa

7

key: -adaa_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: may we do (X), let us do (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -anno

4

ps: v3-1pl-opt

5

xe: Let us do our work!

6

xv: Shaqo annu qabsanno!

7

key: -anno_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I am / he is doing (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -ayaa

4

ps: v1-1sg/3m-prpg

5

xe: he is writing

6

xv: qorayaa

7

key: -ayaa_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I / he was doing (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -ayay

4

ps: v1-1sg/3m-ppgr

5

xe: He was waiting a long time.

6

xv: Wax badan buu sugayay.

7

key: -ayay_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: that we are doing (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -ayno

4

ps: v1-1pl-rel-prpg

5

xe: when we are teaching

6

xv: =-eyno

7

key: -ayno_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: our [exclusive]

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -dayo

4

ps: pro-det-1pl

5

xe: our mother

6

xv: =-tayada

7

key: -dayo_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: -er, -or, -ary, one who has X [POSSESSOR] Forms a noun indicating some form of possessing

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -haye

4

ps: n7-m-suf

5

xe: secretary

6

xv: xoghaye

7

key: -haye_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you do / she does (X) = -l + taa

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -shaa

4

ps: v1-2sg/3f-prhb

5

xe: you speak

6

xv: hadashaa

7

key: -shaa_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you / she did (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -shay

4

ps: v1-2sg/3f-past

5

xe: she gave birth = l + -tay

6

xv: dhashay

7

key: -shay_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: be useful

2

hm: 2

3

lx: anfac

4

pd: (anfacay)

5

ps: v1=

6

key: anfac_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: legality, validity

2

hm: 2

3

lx: ansax

4

pd: (-a)

5

ps: vn2a-m

6

key: ansax_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: Anab

2

hm: 2

3

lx: Canab

4

ps: name-f

5

key: Canab_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: neighing

2

hm: 2

3

lx: danan

4

pd: (-ka)

5

ps: vn-m

6

key: danan_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: price; sale; s.t. which can be sold (not bartered)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: ganac

4

pd: (-da ~ -a)

5

ps: n1-f/m

6

key: ganac_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: wounded

2

hm: 2

3

lx: ganan

4

pd: (gannaa)

5

ps: adj-der

6

key: ganan_2

waa la naqliyay ✓