-ay_3 — Macnaha & Turjumaada

1

de: I / he did (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ay

4

ps: v1-1sg/3m-past

5

xe: he wrote

6

xv: =-ey

7

key: -ay_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: hey you! [FEMININE VOCATIVE] Used to call or address a female

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -aay

4

ps: name-f-voc-suf

5

xe: Hey Halima!

6

xv: -eey, -ooy

7

key: -aay_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: was / were not

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ayn

4

ps: v5a-neg-past

5

xe: He was not slim when he got married.

6

xv: =-eyn

7

key: -ayn_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: that I am / he is doing (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ayo

4

ps: v1-rel-prpg

5

key: -ayo_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I / he did (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -day

4

ps: v3b-1sg/3m-past

5

xe: he went back

6

xv: noqday

7

key: -day_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you / she did (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -say

4

ps: v2-2sg/3f-past

5

see: =-sey

6

key: -say_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: my

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -tay

4

ps: pro-det-1sg

5

xe: my daughter

6

xv: =-tayda

7

key: -tay_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-yey

2

de: I / he did X

3

hm: 3

4

lx: -yay

5

ps: v2-1sg/3m-past

6

key: -yay_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: don't! [NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE PLURAL] Added to imperative singular form

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v-neg-imp-pl

5

xe: Dont you all bring it!', Ha safeynnina! 'Don't clean it!', Ha imannina! 'Don't come!

6

xv: Ha keenina!

7

key: -a_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I do (X) / he does (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: v1-1sg/3m-prhb

5

xe: I go to the movies.

6

xv: Shaneemada baan tagaa.

7

key: -aa_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: become, get [INCHOATIVE]

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -aw

4

ps: v3a-inch-imp

5

xe: get near';

6

xv: -aan [inf], -aad

7

key: -aw_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: he did (X)

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -ay

4

ps: v3-3m-ipst

5

xe: He stopped. (independent past form, used for emphasis)

6

xv: Joogs‡y.

7

key: -ay_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-aay

2

de: hey you! [FEMININE VOCATIVE]

3

hm: 5

4

lx: -ay

5

ps: n-f-voc-suf

6

key: -ay_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: my

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -ay

4

ps: pro-det-1sg

5

see: =-kayga

6

key: -ay_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: burn incense

2

hm: 3

3

lx: qay

4

pd: (qayay / qayday)

5

ps: v1=tr

6

key: qay_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: ah!, oh! (exclamation of distress or disappointment)

2

hm: 3

3

initial: w

4

lx: way

5

ps: intj

6

key: way_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

m.l (-dad, m.l) 1. Daruur yar. 2. Wax yar oo meel ka soo go'ay. 3. la-mid: fas.

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

fuq¹: m.l (-qaq, m.l) 1. Labada daan oo afka midkood. 2. Wax, wax kale oo adag ka soo go'ay. 3. la-mid: fuqid.

2

fuq²: f.mg1 (-qay, -qday) Wax, wax uu ka mid ahaa ka soo go'id.

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-ayay

2

de: I / he was doing (X)

3

hm: 3

4

lx: -ayey

5

ps: v1-1sg/3m-ppgr

6

key: -ayey_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: my

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -shay

4

ps: pro-det-1sg

5

xe: my sister

6

xv: =-tayda

7

key: -shay_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: may I, let me ... / may he, let him ...

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ado

4

ps: v3a-1sg/3m-opt

5

key: -ado_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: -eyn ~ -aynin

2

de: was / were not doing (X); going to do (X)

3

hm: 1

4

lx: -ayn

5

ps: v1-neg-ppgr

6

key: -ayn_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: we were

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -ayn

4

ps: v5a-1pl-past

5

xe: We were hungry!

6

xv: Waannu gaajeysnayn!

7

key: -ayn_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: -ing, -ation [GERUND] Makes a feminine verbal noun from a Conjugation 2b stem

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -ayn

4

ps: vn-f-suf

5

xe: completion, ending, termination

6

xv: dhammayn

7

key: -ayn_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [FACTITIVE VERB SUFFIX] Derives a factitive verb from an adjective or noun

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -ayn

4

ps: v2b-suf

5

xe: =-ee

6

xv: -eyn;

7

key: -ayn_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I am / he is not doing (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -ayo

4

ps: v1-1sg/3m-neg-prpg

5

xe: I am not eating anything.

6

xv: Waxba maan cunayo.

7

key: -ayo_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: our [exclusive]

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -ayo

4

ps: pro-det-1pl

5

see: =-kayaga

6

key: -ayo_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-taa

2

de: I do / he does (X)

3

hm: 3

4

lx: -daa

5

ps: v3b-1sg/3m-prhb

6

key: -daa_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you / she did (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -day

4

ps: v1-2sg/3f-past

5

xe: she took it

6

xv: =-tay

7

key: -day_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: my

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -day

4

ps: pro-det-1sg

5

xe: my mother

6

xv: =-tayda

7

key: -day_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I / he did (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -dey

4

ps: v3b-1sg/3m-past

5

xe: he borrowed

6

xv: =-tay

7

key: -dey_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-yahay

2

de: hey you! [FEMININE VOCATIVE] Used to call or address a female; E.g: Maryaneey 'Hey Mary!', maceey 'Hey sweetie!'

3

hm: 3

4

lx: -eey

5

ps: name-f-voc-suf

6

key: -eey_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: to [INFINITIVE]

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -eyn

4

ps: v2b-inf

5

xe: =-ee

6

xv: =-yn

7

key: -eyn_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: my

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -hay

4

ps: pro-det-1sg

5

xe: my father

6

xv: =-kayga

7

key: -hay_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: my

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -kay

4

ps: pro-det-1sg

5

see: =-kayga

6

key: -kay_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: hey you! [FEMININE VOCATIVE] Used to call or address a female

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ooy

4

ps: name-f-voc-suf

5

xe: Oh Eve!

6

xv: -aay, -eey

7

key: -ooy_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

FIELD24: =-an

2

de: ADJECTIVE DERIVING SUFFIX

3

hm: 3

4

lx: -san

5

ps: adj-suf

6

xe: good

7

xv: wanaagsan

8

key: -san_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you do / she does (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -taa

4

ps: v1-2sg/3f-prhb

5

xe: she goes

6

xv: tagtaa

7

key: -taa_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you / she did (X)

2

hm: 1

3

lx: -tay

4

ps: v1-2sg/3f-past

5

xe: she was present

6

xv: =-tey

7

key: -tay_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I / he did (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -tay

4

ps: v3b-1sg/3m-past

5

xe: I studied

6

xv: bartay

7

key: -tay_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I do / he does (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -yaa

4

ps: v2-1sg/3m-prhb

5

xe: he cleans it

6

xv: safeeyaa

7

key: -yaa_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I / he did (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -yey

4

ps: v2-1sg/3m-past

5

xe: he made it

6

xv: sameeyey

7

key: -yey_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: aayatiin

2

de: future, destiny

3

hm: 3

4

lx: aayo

5

pd: (/ha)

6

ps: n6-m

7

key: aayo_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: ca'

2

bw: Arabic

3

de: C [letter of the Arabic & Somali alphabet]

4

hm: 3

5

lx: cayn

6

pd: (-ka Pl: cayman (ka))

7

ps: n4-m

8

key: cayn_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: leg; dhaylo

2

de: brisket (cut of breast meat from cattle)

3

hm: 3

4

lx: dhay

5

pd: (-ga)

6

ps: n-m-col

7

key: dhay_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: make a branding cut on cattle

2

hm: 3

3

lx: hayl

4

pd: (haylay / hayshay)

5

ps: v1=tr

6

see: haylaamee

7

key: hayl_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: he / she / it is ... [VERBLESS DECLARATIVE]

2

hm: 3

3

initial: w

4

lx: waay

5

ps: class

6

see: weeye

7

key: waay_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: -ka after c, h, kh, q, x, '

2

de: the [MASCULINE DEFINITE ARTICLE]

3

hm: 1

4

lx: -a

5

ps: det-m-suf

6

xe: the head

7

xv: madaxa

8

key: -a_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you all do (X)! [IMPERATIVE PLURAL]

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v-imp-pl

5

xe: You all eat it!

6

xv: Cuna!

7

key: -a_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: he / she is not ...; they are not ...

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v5a-3-neg-prhb

5

xe: She doesn't like (it).

6

xv: Mey jecla

7

key: -a_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: it is ... who does (X) Reduced subject verb agreement suffix

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v-subj-prhb

5

xe: It is I who want it.

6

xv: Aniga ayaa raba.

7

key: -a_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [FUTURE TIME MARKER]

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -a

4

ps: np-time

5

xe: at noon; Contrast -ii, -to

6

xv: duhurka

7

key: -a_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: it is ... who is / are doing (X)

2

lx: -aya

3

ps: v1-subj-prpg

4

xe: while they were teaching

5

xv: iyagoo baraya

6

key: -aya

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you were / she was

2

lx: -ayd

3

ps: v5a-2sg/3f-past

4

xe: You were fine.

5

xv: =-eyd

6

key: -ayd

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: -ing, -ation [GERUND] Makes a masculine noun from a Conjugation 2b stem

2

lx: -ays

3

ps: vn-m-suf

4

xe: ending, conclusion

5

xv: dhammays

6

key: -ays

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [ATTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVE DERIVING SUFFIX] Derives attributive adjectives from nouns

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -e

4

ps: adj-atr-suf

5

xe: lower

6

xv: hoose

7

key: -e_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: SUBJECT MARKER Used to mark some feminine nouns (

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -i

4

ps: np-f-subj-suf

5

xe: This is a house. )

6

xv: Kani waa guri.

7

key: -i_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: do not ~ don't (X)!

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -n

4

ps: v2a-neg-imp

5

xe: Dont cook it!

6

xv: Ha karin!

7

key: -n_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I do not / he does not (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -o

4

ps: v1-1sg/3m-neg-prhb

5

xe: He doesnt bring it.

6

xv: Ma keeno.

7

key: -o_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: SUBJECT MARKER

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -u

4

ps: np-subj-suf

5

xe: Where is the place?

6

xv: Meeshu waa xaggee?

7

key: -u_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: may you all ... Followed by optative

2

hm: 3

3

lx: ad

4

pd: (aydin)

5

ps: class-pro-2pl

6

xe: aalo qabtaan, waa in ad macallinka sugteen! If you have any questions, you should wait for the teacher.

7

xv: Haddaad su

8

key: ad_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: cutting edge, sharp point

2

hm: 3

3

lx: af

4

pd: (-ka)

5

ps: n4-m

6

key: af_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: let us ~ let's ...; may we [excl] ... Followed by optative verb form

2

hm: 3

3

lx: an

4

pd: (annu)

5

ps: class-pro-1pl

6

key: an_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: iyada

2

de: she, it [feminine]

3

hm: 1

4

lx: ay

5

pd: (ey)

6

ps: vpro-3f

7

key: ay_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: iyaga

2

de: they

3

hm: 2

4

lx: ay

5

pd: (ey)

6

ps: vpro-3pl

7

key: ay_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: forest; bushes, shrubbery

2

hm: 7

3

lx: ay

4

pd: (-da)

5

ps: n1-f

6

key: ay_7

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: eey, ey (ga)

2

de: female dog, bitch

3

hm: 3

4

lx: ey

5

pd: (-da Pl: eyo (/ha))

6

ps: n5-f, n2-f, n1-f

7

key: ey_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: your

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: pro-det-2sg

5

xe: your name

6

xv: =-kaaga

7

key: -aa_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I / he was

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: v5a-1sg/3m-past

5

xe: He was heavy.

6

xv: Wuu cuslaa.

7

key: -aa_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [FOCUS] Abr: baa

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: focus-suf

5

xe: I used to own this shop.

6

xv: Dukaankan anigaa lahaan jirey.

7

key: -aa_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [FEMININE OCCUPATION]

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -ad

4

ps: n1-f-suf

5

xe: female doctor

6

xv: dhakhtarad

7

key: -ad_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: -ism, -cy [ABSTRACT NOUN] Forms an abstract feminine noun

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -ad

4

ps: n1-f-abs-suf

5

xe: imperialism

6

xv: also: -iyad

7

key: -ad_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-kan

2

de: this

3

hm: 4

4

lx: -an

5

ps: det-m-suf

6

xe: this street

7

xv: dariiqan

8

key: -an_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [ADJECTIVE DERIVING SUFFIX] Makes adjectives from verbs

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -an

4

ps: adj-suf

5

xv: aammusan, sugan, xiran

6

key: -an_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [ADJECTIVAL, INCHOATIVE ~ PASSIVE VERB] Derives inchoative verbs from adjectives

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -an

4

ps: v1-inch-suf

5

xe: got sold

6

xv: gadan > gadmay

7

key: -an_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: to [AUTOBENEFACTIVE INFINITIVE]

2

hm: 7

3

lx: -an

4

ps: v3-inf-suf

5

xe: to listen';

6

xv: -i (2)

7

key: -an_7

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: did not (X)

2

hm: 8

3

lx: -an

4

ps: v3-neg-past

5

xe: did not catch

6

xv: =-annin

7

key: -an_8

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-ow

2

de: become, get [INCHOATIVE]

3

hm: 4

4

lx: -aw

5

ps: v1-inch-imp

6

see: =-oob

7

key: -aw_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: my

2

lx: -ayga

3

ps: pro-det-1sg

4

xe: my cow

5

xv: =-kayga

6

key: -ayga

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: it is we who are doing (X)

2

lx: -ayna

3

ps: v1-1pl-subj-prpg

4

xe: While we were leaving, he came.

5

xv: Annagoo baxayna, buu yimi.

6

key: -ayna

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-ay

2

de: I / he did (X)

3

hm: 4

4

lx: -ey

5

ps: v1-1sg/3m-past

6

key: -ey_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-eey

2

de: hey you! [FEMININE VOCATIVE]

3

hm: 5

4

lx: -ey

5

ps: n-f-voc-suf

6

key: -ey_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-ka after nouns that end in a vowel

2

de: the [MASCULINE DEFINITE ARTICLE]

3

hm: 3

4

lx: -ha

5

ps: det-m-suf

6

xe: the water

7

xv: biyo ~ biyaha

8

key: -ha_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: PAST TIME MARKER

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ii

4

ps: np-time

5

xe: at noon; Contrast -a

6

xv: duhurkii

7

key: -ii_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: do not, don't (X)!

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -in

4

ps: v1-neg-imp

5

xe: Dont enter!', Ha keenin! 'Don't bring it!

6

xv: Ha galin!

7

key: -in_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: -a, -ga, -ha

2

de: the [MASCULINE DEFINITE ARTICLE] Provides new information

3

hm: 3

4

lx: -ka

5

ps: det-m-suf

6

key: -ka_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: the [SUBJECT] Refers to the sentence subject

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ku

4

ps: det-m-subj

5

xe: The man is dangerous.

6

xv: Ninku waa khatar.

7

key: -ku_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

FIELD24: qofna

2

FIELD25: no one

3

FIELD26: waxna

4

FIELD27: nothing

5

de: not

6

hm: 3

7

lx: -na

8

ps: neg-suf

9

xe: not one

10

xv: midna

11

key: -na_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: let us!; may we do (X)!

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -no

4

ps: v1-1pl-opt

5

xe: Lets drink some tea!

6

xv: Shaah aynu cabno!

7

key: -no_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-koo

2

de: that, those (far away)

3

hm: 3

4

lx: -oo

5

ps: deic-m-suf

6

key: -oo_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-aw

2

de: become, get [INCHOATIVE]

3

hm: 3

4

lx: -ow

5

ps: v1-inch-imp

6

see: =-oob

7

key: -ow_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: may you / she do (X)!; let her do (X)!

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -so

4

ps: v2-2sg/3f-opt

5

xe: May she stop the noise!

6

xv: Qaylada ha joojiso!

7

key: -so_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: may you / may she do (X); let her do (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -to

4

ps: v1-2sg/3f-opt

5

xe: Let her go to the games!

6

xv: =-tid

7

key: -to_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: they did (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ye

4

ps: v2-3pl-ipst

5

key: -ye_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: be (X)ing

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -yo

4

ps: v2-rel-prhb

5

key: -yo_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: aydin

2

cf: idinka

3

de: you [plural], ye

4

hm: 3

5

lx: aad

6

ps: vpro-2pl

7

key: aad_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I am not (in a place) {N & O}

2

hm: 3

3

lx: aal

4

ps: v4c-1sg-neg-prhb

5

key: aal_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: annaga

2

de: we [exclusive]

3

hm: 3

4

lx: aan

5

pd: (aannu)

6

ps: vpro-1pl

7

key: aan_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: burial

2

hm: 3

3

lx: aas

4

pd: (-ka Pl: aasas)

5

ps: n4-m

6

key: aas_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: mother {UJ}

2

hm: 4

3

lx: aay

4

pd: (-da)

5

ps: n1-f

6

key: aay_4

waa la naqliyay ✓