-aw_4 — Macnaha & Turjumaada

1

a: =-ow

2

de: become, get [INCHOATIVE]

3

hm: 4

4

lx: -aw

5

ps: v1-inch-imp

6

see: =-oob

7

key: -aw_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: he / she is not ...; they are not ...

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v5a-3-neg-prhb

5

xe: She doesn't like (it).

6

xv: Mey jecla

7

key: -a_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: your

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: pro-det-2sg

5

xe: your name

6

xv: =-kaaga

7

key: -aa_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-kan

2

de: this

3

hm: 4

4

lx: -an

5

ps: det-m-suf

6

xe: this street

7

xv: dariiqan

8

key: -an_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: become, get [INCHOATIVE]

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -aw

4

ps: v3a-inch-imp

5

xe: get near';

6

xv: -aan [inf], -aad

7

key: -aw_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: he did (X)

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -ay

4

ps: v3-3m-ipst

5

xe: He stopped. (independent past form, used for emphasis)

6

xv: Joogs‡y.

7

key: -ay_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: only, exactly

2

hm: 4

3

lx: jaw

4

ps: adv

5

syn: keliya, uun {S}

6

key: jaw_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: -th [ORDINAL NUMERAL]

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -aad

4

ps: num-ord-suf

5

xe: fourth

6

xv: afaraad

7

key: -aad_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: product of, result of [GERUND] Makes a masculine noun of Declension 2 from a Conjugation 1 verb stem

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -aal

4

ps: vn2-m-suf

5

xe: waiting, expectation

6

xv: script; sugaal

7

key: -aal_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: they do (X)

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -aan

4

ps: v1-3pl-prhb

5

xe: they eat

6

xv: cunaan

7

key: -aan_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: -ing, -ation [GERUND] Makes a feminine verbal noun from a Conjugation 2b stem

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -ayn

4

ps: vn-f-suf

5

xe: completion, ending, termination

6

xv: dhammayn

7

key: -ayn_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: our [exclusive]

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -ayo

4

ps: pro-det-1pl

5

see: =-kayaga

6

key: -ayo_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: my

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -day

4

ps: pro-det-1sg

5

xe: my mother

6

xv: =-tayda

7

key: -day_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: your (own)

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -kaa

4

ps: pro-det-2sg

5

see: =-kaaga

6

key: -kaa_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: to [AUTOBENEFACTIVE INFINITIVE]

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -san

4

ps: v3a-inf-suf

5

xe: to lie down

6

xv: jiifsan

7

key: -san_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I do / he does (X)

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -taa

4

ps: v3b-1sg/3m-prhb

5

xe: I catch

6

xv: qabtaa

7

key: -taa_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: do (X) to each other ~ to one another Forms a verb with a reciprocal meaning

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -tan

4

ps: v1-reciprocal-suf

5

xe: fight with sticks

6

xv: ultan

7

key: -tan_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: axan, duug, fidde

2

de: funeral

3

hm: 4

4

lx: hawl

5

pd: (-ka)

6

ps: n-m

7

key: hawl_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: -ka after c, h, kh, q, x, '

2

de: the [MASCULINE DEFINITE ARTICLE]

3

hm: 1

4

lx: -a

5

ps: det-m-suf

6

xe: the head

7

xv: madaxa

8

key: -a_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you all do (X)! [IMPERATIVE PLURAL]

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v-imp-pl

5

xe: You all eat it!

6

xv: Cuna!

7

key: -a_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: don't! [NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE PLURAL] Added to imperative singular form

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v-neg-imp-pl

5

xe: Dont you all bring it!', Ha safeynnina! 'Don't clean it!', Ha imannina! 'Don't come!

6

xv: Ha keenina!

7

key: -a_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: it is ... who does (X) Reduced subject verb agreement suffix

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v-subj-prhb

5

xe: It is I who want it.

6

xv: Aniga ayaa raba.

7

key: -a_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [FUTURE TIME MARKER]

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -a

4

ps: np-time

5

xe: at noon; Contrast -ii, -to

6

xv: duhurka

7

key: -a_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: they did (X)

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -e

4

ps: v1-3pl-ipst

5

xe: They brought it.

6

xv: Keene.

7

key: -e_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: =-ness Forms feminine abstract nouns from adjectives

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -i

4

ps: n-f-abs-suf

5

xe: thinness

6

xv: dhuubni

7

key: -i_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: -ing [GERUND] Makes a feminine verbal noun from a Conjugation 2a stem

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -n

4

ps: vn-f-suf

5

xe: searching

6

xv: raadin

7

key: -n_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: that is / are (X)ing Relative present verb suffix

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -o

4

ps: v-rel-prhb

5

xe: I must see you.

6

xv: Waa in aan ku arko.

7

key: -o_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: -ing [GERUND] Makes a masculine verbal noun of Declension 2 from a Conjugation 3 verb

2

hm: 4

3

lx: ad

4

ps: vn2-m-suf

5

xe: possessing

6

xv: haysad

7

key: ad_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: well; opening of a burrow

2

hm: 4

3

lx: af

4

pd: (-ka)

5

ps: n4-m

6

key: af_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: purpose; cause, reason, sake Used with a possessive

2

hm: 1

3

lx: aw

4

pd: (-ga)

5

ps: n0-m

6

xe: out of fear

7

xv: baqdin awgeed

8

key: aw_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: father, ancestor; sir, mister

2

hm: 2

3

lx: aw

4

pd: (-ga)

5

ps: n7-m

6

key: aw_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I do (X) / he does (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: v1-1sg/3m-prhb

5

xe: I go to the movies.

6

xv: Shaneemada baan tagaa.

7

key: -aa_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I / he was

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: v5a-1sg/3m-past

5

xe: He was heavy.

6

xv: Wuu cuslaa.

7

key: -aa_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [FOCUS] Abr: baa

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: focus-suf

5

xe: I used to own this shop.

6

xv: Dukaankan anigaa lahaan jirey.

7

key: -aa_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [FEMININE OCCUPATION]

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -ad

4

ps: n1-f-suf

5

xe: female doctor

6

xv: dhakhtarad

7

key: -ad_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: -ism, -cy [ABSTRACT NOUN] Forms an abstract feminine noun

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -ad

4

ps: n1-f-abs-suf

5

xe: imperialism

6

xv: also: -iyad

7

key: -ad_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [ADJECTIVE DERIVING SUFFIX] Makes adjectives from verbs

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -an

4

ps: adj-suf

5

xv: aammusan, sugan, xiran

6

key: -an_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [ADJECTIVAL, INCHOATIVE ~ PASSIVE VERB] Derives inchoative verbs from adjectives

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -an

4

ps: v1-inch-suf

5

xe: got sold

6

xv: gadan > gadmay

7

key: -an_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: to [AUTOBENEFACTIVE INFINITIVE]

2

hm: 7

3

lx: -an

4

ps: v3-inf-suf

5

xe: to listen';

6

xv: -i (2)

7

key: -an_7

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: did not (X)

2

hm: 8

3

lx: -an

4

ps: v3-neg-past

5

xe: did not catch

6

xv: =-annin

7

key: -an_8

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I / he did (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ay

4

ps: v1-1sg/3m-past

5

xe: he wrote

6

xv: =-ey

7

key: -ay_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-aay

2

de: hey you! [FEMININE VOCATIVE]

3

hm: 5

4

lx: -ay

5

ps: n-f-voc-suf

6

key: -ay_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: my

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -ay

4

ps: pro-det-1sg

5

see: =-kayga

6

key: -ay_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: which? [MASCULINE]

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -ee

4

ps: qw-det-m

5

xe: Which name do you like?

6

xv: =-kee

7

key: -ee_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-ay

2

de: I / he did (X)

3

hm: 4

4

lx: -ey

5

ps: v1-1sg/3m-past

6

key: -ey_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: may s.o. not do (X)!; don't let s.o. do (X)!

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -in

4

ps: v1-neg-opt

5

xe: Dont let him drink alcohol!

6

xv: Khamri yaanu cabbin!

7

key: -in_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: FUTURE TIME MARKER

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -ka

4

ps: np-time

5

xe: next year; Contrast: -kii

6

xv: sannadka dambe

7

key: -ka_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: it is we who do (X)

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -na

4

ps: v1-1pl-subj-prhb

5

xe: While we were in the house, the letter arrived.

6

xv: Annagoo guriga joogna, warqaddii ayaa timid.

7

key: -na_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: hey you! [MASCULINE VOCATIVE] Used to call or address a male

2

hm: 1

3

lx: -ow

4

ps: name-m-voc-suf

5

xe: hey friend!

6

xv: =-yahow

7

key: -ow_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: -aw ~ -oow

2

de: become, get [INCHOATIVE]

3

hm: 2

4

lx: -ow

5

ps: v3a-inch-imp

6

xe: approach

7

xv: -aan [inf], -aad

8

key: -ow_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-aw

2

de: become, get [INCHOATIVE]

3

hm: 3

4

lx: -ow

5

ps: v1-inch-imp

6

see: =-oob

7

key: -ow_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: NOUN FORMER Forms nouns from verbs

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -to

4

ps: n6-f-suf

5

xe: travellers

6

xv: hostess, socoto

7

key: -to_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: may I ~ he do (X)!; let me ~ him do (X)!

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -yo

4

ps: v2-1sg/3m-opt

5

xe: Let me prepare the food!

6

xv: Cuntada an sameeyo!

7

key: -yo_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: colorful light of sunset

2

hm: 4

3

lx: aas

4

pd: (-ka)

5

ps: n4-m

6

syn: cilcillaw

7

key: aas_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: mother {UJ}

2

hm: 4

3

lx: aay

4

pd: (-da)

5

ps: n1-f

6

key: aay_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: half

2

hm: 4

3

lx: bar

4

pd: (-ka Pl: barar (ka))

5

ps: n4-m, num-m

6

xe: and the other half

7

xv: badh

8

key: bar_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: bus

2

hm: 4

3

lx: bas

4

pd: (-ka Pl: basas (ka))

5

ps: n4-m

6

key: bas_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: ag, dhinac

2

de: side, flank; nearness, proximity

3

hm: 1

4

lx: caw

5

pd: (-ga)

6

ps: n0-m-loc

7

key: caw_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: frond, palm leaf ~ leaves

2

hm: 2

3

lx: caw

4

pd: (-da)

5

ps: n2-f

6

key: caw_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: berked, jaabbiyad

2

de: trough (drinking ~ cement); skin for carrying water (to animals)

3

hm: 4

4

lx: dar

5

pd: (-ka Pl: darar (ka))

6

ps: n4-m

7

key: dar_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: way, road, path; right, prerogative; system

2

hm: 1

3

lx: daw

4

pd: (-ga)

5

ps: n2a-m

6

key: daw_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: group of wells

2

hm: 2

3

lx: daw

4

pd: (-da)

5

ps: n-f-col

6

key: daw_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: deed, action; [ext.] verb {grammar}; spell, magic; plowing

2

hm: 4

3

lx: fal

4

pd: (-ka Pl: falal (ka))

5

ps: vn4-m

6

key: fal_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: cover, container, case, envelope, pillowcase; sheath, scabbard

2

hm: 4

3

lx: gal

4

pd: (-ka ~ /sha Pl: galal (ka))

5

ps: n4-m

6

xe: hardcover book vs gal jilicsan 'paperback

7

xv: gal adag

8

key: gal_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: shoot (at); throw ~ launch a weapon

2

hm: 4

3

lx: gan

4

pd: (ganay ~ gamay)

5

ps: v1=

6

key: gan_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: let God decide; leave it to God

2

hm: 4

3

lx: gar

4

pd: \pd-alle

5

ps: intj

6

key: gar_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: cow ~ female camel

2

hm: 4

3

lx: hal

4

pd: (/sha)

5

ps: n1-f

6

xe: which she-camel?

7

xv: geel

8

key: hal_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: Somali checkers

2

hm: 4

3

lx: jar

4

pd: (-ta)

5

ps: n-f

6

key: jar_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: knee

2

hm: 1

3

lx: jaw

4

pd: (-ga)

5

ps: n2a-m

6

syn: jilib, low, ruug

7

key: jaw_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: wailing, moaning ~ ringing sound from a distance

2

hm: 2

3

lx: jaw

4

pd: (-da)

5

ps: n0-f

6

key: jaw_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: whole thing; uncooked grain; [atr.] complete, unmixed

2

hm: 3

3

lx: jaw

4

pd: (-da)

5

ps: n-f

6

key: jaw_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: oh! {N & W}

2

hm: 5

3

lx: jaw

4

ps: intj

5

key: jaw_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: piece, bit, fragment, patch

2

hm: 4

3

lx: kar

4

pd: (-ta ~ -ka)

5

ps: n1-f, n4-m

6

key: kar_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: trap, iron trap for catching animals

2

hm: 4

3

lx: qab

4

pd: (-ta)

5

ps: n1-f

6

key: qab_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: mouthful, gulp

2

hm: 4

3

lx: qac

4

pd: (-da)

5

ps: n-f

6

key: qac_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: precipice, ravine, gorge

2

hm: 1

3

lx: qaw

4

pd: (-ga)

5

ps: n2a-m

6

key: qaw_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: thump, thud, sound of pounding ~ knocking

2

hm: 2

3

lx: qaw

4

pd: (-da)

5

ps: n0-f

6

xe: Lots of noise, but nothing is getting done. [saying]

7

xv: Qawda maqashii, waxna ha u qaban.

8

key: qaw_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: lo and behold!

2

hm: 4

3

initial: s

4

lx: saa

5

ps: intj

6

key: saa_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: waay

2

de: fail, be unable to do (X) With infinitive form of the verb; Wey keeni weyday. 'She failed to bring it.'

3

hm: 4

4

initial: w

5

lx: waa

6

pd: (waayay / wayday)

7

ps: v1=aux

8

key: waa_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: hey, you ~ man!

2

hm: 4

3

initial: w

4

lx: war

5

ps: intj

6

see: waryaa

7

key: war_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: they do (X)

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -daan

4

ps: v3b-3pl-prhb

5

xe: They are borrowing this money.

6

xv: Lacagtan bey amaahdaan.

7

key: -daan_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: this, these

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -dhan

4

ps: deic-f-suf

5

xe: this girl

6

xv: =-tan

7

key: -dhan_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you all do not (X)

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -taan

4

ps: v1-2pl-neg-prhb

5

xe: you all dont bring it

6

xv: ma keentaan

7

key: -taan_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: PLURAL FORM Plural suffix for noun declension 7

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -yaal

4

ps: n7-pl-suf

5

xe: workers

6

xv: shaqaalayaal

7

key: -yaal_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: they do not (X)

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -yaan

4

ps: v2-3pl-neg-prhb

5

xe: They dont clean.

6

xv: Ma safeeyaan

7

key: -yaan_4

waa la naqliyay ✓