-ad_6 — Macnaha & Turjumaada

1

de: -ism, -cy [ABSTRACT NOUN] Forms an abstract feminine noun

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -ad

4

ps: n1-f-abs-suf

5

xe: imperialism

6

xv: also: -iyad

7

key: -ad_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: became, got [INCHOATIVE] Added to an adjective to form an inchoative verb of Conjugation 3a

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -aad

4

ps: v3a-inch-suf

5

xe: became white, brightened

6

xv: -aw or -ow [imp-sg], -aan [inf, aux, prog]

7

key: -aad_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [FUTURE TIME MARKER]

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -a

4

ps: np-time

5

xe: at noon; Contrast -ii, -to

6

xv: duhurka

7

key: -a_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [FOCUS] Abr: baa

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: focus-suf

5

xe: I used to own this shop.

6

xv: Dukaankan anigaa lahaan jirey.

7

key: -aa_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [FEMININE OCCUPATION]

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -ad

4

ps: n1-f-suf

5

xe: female doctor

6

xv: dhakhtarad

7

key: -ad_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [ADJECTIVAL, INCHOATIVE ~ PASSIVE VERB] Derives inchoative verbs from adjectives

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -an

4

ps: v1-inch-suf

5

xe: got sold

6

xv: gadan > gadmay

7

key: -an_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: my

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -ay

4

ps: pro-det-1sg

5

see: =-kayga

6

key: -ay_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: -th [ORDINAL NUMERAL]

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -aad

4

ps: num-ord-suf

5

xe: fourth

6

xv: afaraad

7

key: -aad_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: of, belonging to, connected with [DOMESTIC ANIMAL]

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -aad

4

ps: n-gen-suf

5

xe: aad cow's milk', saddex riyaad 'three goats', hilib idaad 'sheep meat

6

xv: caano lo

7

key: -aad_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: -ity, -ness Derives a masculine stative or abstract noun from an adjective

2

hm: 7

3

lx: -aad

4

ps: n-m-abs-suf

5

xe: state of becoming black

6

xv: madoobaad

7

key: -aad_7

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: become, get [INCHOATIVE]

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -aan

4

ps: v3a-inch-inf

5

xe: get bad

6

xv: -aw or -ow [imp-sg], -aad

7

key: -aan_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: the [FEMININE PLURAL] = - o + -da

2

hm: 1

3

lx: -ada

4

ps: n2-f-pl-suf

5

key: -ada_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [IMPERATIVE PLURAL]

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -ada

4

ps: v3a-imp-pl

5

xe: (You all) stop!

6

xv: Joogsada!

7

key: -ada_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: that I do (X) / that he does (X)

2

hm: 1

3

lx: -ado

4

ps: v3-1sg/3m-rel-prhb

5

xe: that I buy

6

xv: inaan iibsado

7

key: -ado_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I do not / he does not (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -ado

4

ps: v3a-1sg/3m-neg-prhb

5

key: -ado_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: may I, let me ... / may he, let him ...

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ado

4

ps: v3a-1sg/3m-opt

5

key: -ado_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: feel (X), experience (X) [PATIENT] Added to a noun to form a patient verb of Conjugation 3a

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -ood

4

ps: v3a-pat-suf

5

xe: have a dream; Infinitive: -oon

6

xv: riyood

7

key: -ood_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: do not (X)!

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -san

4

ps: v3a-neg-imp-sg

5

key: -san_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: -ka after c, h, kh, q, x, '

2

de: the [MASCULINE DEFINITE ARTICLE]

3

hm: 1

4

lx: -a

5

ps: det-m-suf

6

xe: the head

7

xv: madaxa

8

key: -a_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you all do (X)! [IMPERATIVE PLURAL]

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v-imp-pl

5

xe: You all eat it!

6

xv: Cuna!

7

key: -a_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: don't! [NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE PLURAL] Added to imperative singular form

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v-neg-imp-pl

5

xe: Dont you all bring it!', Ha safeynnina! 'Don't clean it!', Ha imannina! 'Don't come!

6

xv: Ha keenina!

7

key: -a_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: he / she is not ...; they are not ...

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v5a-3-neg-prhb

5

xe: She doesn't like (it).

6

xv: Mey jecla

7

key: -a_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: it is ... who does (X) Reduced subject verb agreement suffix

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v-subj-prhb

5

xe: It is I who want it.

6

xv: Aniga ayaa raba.

7

key: -a_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: they did (X)

2

lx: -ade

3

ps: v3-3pl-ipst

4

key: -ade

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: the [FEMININE PLURAL SUBJECT] = -o + -da + -u

2

lx: -adu

3

ps: n2-f-pl-subj

4

key: -adu

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I am not

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -i

4

ps: v5a-1sg-neg-prhb

5

xe: I am not slim.

6

xv: Maan dhuubni

7

key: -i_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: NOUN DECLENSION SIX FORMER

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -o

4

ps: n6-f-suf

5

xe: drive > waddo 'road', sheeg 'tell' > sheeko 'story

6

xv: wad

7

key: -o_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: adiga

2

de: you, thou

3

hm: 1

4

lx: ad

5

pd: (adi)

6

ps: pro-red-2sg

7

key: ad_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: may you ... Followed by optative

2

hm: 2

3

lx: ad

4

ps: class-pro-2sg

5

xe: I hope you bring the food; they are waiting!

6

xv: Cuntada ad keentid, bey sugayaan!

7

key: ad_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: may you all ... Followed by optative

2

hm: 3

3

lx: ad

4

pd: (aydin)

5

ps: class-pro-2pl

6

xe: aalo qabtaan, waa in ad macallinka sugteen! If you have any questions, you should wait for the teacher.

7

xv: Haddaad su

8

key: ad_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: -ing [GERUND] Makes a masculine verbal noun of Declension 2 from a Conjugation 3 verb

2

hm: 4

3

lx: ad

4

ps: vn2-m-suf

5

xe: possessing

6

xv: haysad

7

key: ad_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I do (X) / he does (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: v1-1sg/3m-prhb

5

xe: I go to the movies.

6

xv: Shaneemada baan tagaa.

7

key: -aa_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: your

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: pro-det-2sg

5

xe: your name

6

xv: =-kaaga

7

key: -aa_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I / he was

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: v5a-1sg/3m-past

5

xe: He was heavy.

6

xv: Wuu cuslaa.

7

key: -aa_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I / he did (X)

2

lx: -aday

3

ps: v3a-1sg/3m-past

4

xe: he bought it for himself

5

xv: =-adey

6

key: -aday

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: suppose I do / he does (X)

2

lx: -adee

3

ps: v3a-1sg/3m-pot

4

key: -adee

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: the [FEMININE PLURAL] Indicates known feminine noun

2

lx: -adii

3

ps: n2-f-pl-suf

4

xe: the shops

5

xv: dukaannadii

6

key: -adii

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-kan

2

de: this

3

hm: 4

4

lx: -an

5

ps: det-m-suf

6

xe: this street

7

xv: dariiqan

8

key: -an_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [ADJECTIVE DERIVING SUFFIX] Makes adjectives from verbs

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -an

4

ps: adj-suf

5

xv: aammusan, sugan, xiran

6

key: -an_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: to [AUTOBENEFACTIVE INFINITIVE]

2

hm: 7

3

lx: -an

4

ps: v3-inf-suf

5

xe: to listen';

6

xv: -i (2)

7

key: -an_7

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: did not (X)

2

hm: 8

3

lx: -an

4

ps: v3-neg-past

5

xe: did not catch

6

xv: =-annin

7

key: -an_8

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: become, get [INCHOATIVE]

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -aw

4

ps: v3a-inch-imp

5

xe: get near';

6

xv: -aan [inf], -aad

7

key: -aw_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-ow

2

de: become, get [INCHOATIVE]

3

hm: 4

4

lx: -aw

5

ps: v1-inch-imp

6

see: =-oob

7

key: -aw_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I / he did (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ay

4

ps: v1-1sg/3m-past

5

xe: he wrote

6

xv: =-ey

7

key: -ay_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: he did (X)

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -ay

4

ps: v3-3m-ipst

5

xe: He stopped. (independent past form, used for emphasis)

6

xv: Joogs‡y.

7

key: -ay_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-aay

2

de: hey you! [FEMININE VOCATIVE]

3

hm: 5

4

lx: -ay

5

ps: n-f-voc-suf

6

key: -ay_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: suppose I do / he does (X)

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -ee

4

ps: v1-1sg/3m-pot

5

key: -ee_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: -ing [GERUND] Makes a feminine noun of Declension 1 from a Conjugation 1 verb stem

2

hm: 1

3

lx: -id

4

ps: vn1-f-suf

5

xe: writing

6

xv: =-is

7

key: -id_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you are not

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -id

4

ps: v5a-2sg-neg-prhb-suf

5

xe: You dont know.

6

xv: Maad ogid

7

key: -id_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: go to (a place), head for; reach, get to (a destination)

2

hm: 1

3

lx: aad

4

pd: (aaday / aadday)

5

ps: v1=

6

xe: Im going to the market.

7

xv: Suuqa ayaan aadayaa.

8

key: aad_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: adiga

2

de: you, thou

3

hm: 2

4

lx: aad

5

ps: vpro-2sg

6

key: aad_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: aydin

2

cf: idinka

3

de: you [plural], ye

4

hm: 3

5

lx: aad

6

ps: vpro-2pl

7

key: aad_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: very much, quite, a lot; hard, firmly Intensifies a verb or adjective

2

lx: aad ... u

3

ps: adv-expr

4

xe: The houses are very big.

5

xv: Guryuhu aad bey u waaweynyihiin.

6

key: aad_u

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: compel, force; be to blame for, cause trouble for, involve in difficulty; make s.o. deserve s.t.

2

hm: 1

3

lx: bad

4

pd: (baday / badday)

5

ps: v1=

6

key: bad_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: sea, ocean

2

hm: 2

3

lx: bad

4

pd: (-da)

5

ps: n1-f

6

key: bad_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: livestock

2

hm: 6

3

lx: bar

4

pd: (-ta)

5

ps: n0-f

6

syn: xoolo

7

key: bar_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: white; clear; [ext.] intelligible (of speech) Opp: madow

2

hm: 1

3

lx: cad

4

pd: (caddaa Pl: cadcad)

5

ps: adj-m

6

key: cad_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: part, piece, portion, share

2

hm: 2

3

lx: cad

4

pd: (-ka Pl: cadad (ka))

5

ps: n2a-m, n4-m

6

key: cad_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: dumar, duul, rag, qof, nin, naag

2

de: people

3

hm: 1

4

lx: dad

5

pd: (-ka)

6

ps: n-m-col

7

key: dad_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: cover up, conceal, hide

2

hm: 2

3

lx: dad

4

pd: (daday)

5

ps: v1=

6

see: ded

7

key: dad_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: large cloud

2

hm: 1

3

lx: fad

4

pd: (-ka Pl: fadad (ka))

5

ps: n4-m

6

key: fad_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: cad, jab

2

de: large piece (of s.t.), section

3

hm: 2

4

lx: fad

5

pd: (-ka Pl: fadad (ka))

6

ps: n4-m

7

key: fad_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: sell

2

hm: 1

3

lx: gad

4

pd: (gaday)

5

ps: v1=tr

6

xe: Theyre all sold out.

7

xv: Waa la wada gaday.

8

key: gad_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: sale, act of selling

2

hm: 2

3

lx: gad

4

pd: (-ka)

5

ps: vn-m

6

key: gad_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: time, moment, point in time; [fig.] time to die, death

2

hm: 1

3

lx: had

4

pd: (-da)

5

ps: n1-f

6

xe: hed

7

xv: hadimo

8

key: had_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: understand, comprehend

2

hm: 2

3

lx: had

4

pd: (haday)

5

ps: v1=

6

key: had_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: kill

2

hm: 3

3

lx: had

4

pd: (haday)

5

ps: v1=

6

key: had_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: firmness, tenacity; [ext.] man of firm judgement; [atr.] decisive; stubborn Opp: labaclabac

2

hm: 6

3

lx: hal

4

pd: (-ga)

5

ps: n0-m / n2a-m

6

key: hal_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

bw: med

2

de: black stone, kind of granite

3

hm: 1

4

lx: mad

5

nt: mad (maday) [v1=] 'stone s.o.'

6

pd: (-ka)

7

ps: n-m

8

key: mad_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

bw: Arabic

2

cf: Arabic madda

3

de: lengthen (a vowel, as in Koranic verse)

4

hm: 2

5

lx: mad

6

pd: (maday)

7

ps: v1=tr

8

key: mad_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: have; affected, afflicted

2

hm: 6

3

lx: qab

4

nt: qaba 'affected'

5

pd: (qabaa)

6

ps: adj-der

7

key: qab_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: continue, carry on, move, keep on with; operate a machine, drive; conduct, lead; control

2

hm: 1

3

initial: w

4

lx: wad

5

pd: (waday)

6

ps: v1=tr

7

xe: When can they be moved?

8

xv: wad (ka) [vn-m] 'act of driving'

9

key: wad_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: death, time to die

2

hm: 2

3

initial: w

4

lx: wad

5

pd: (-ka Pl: wadad (ka))

6

ps: n4-m

7

see: wed (and related forms)

8

key: wad_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

bw: Arabic

2

de: border, boundary, demarcation, frontier; limit, confine; [ext.] legal sentence (to physical punishment)

3

hm: 1

4

initial: x

5

lx: xad

6

pd: (-ka Pl: xadad (ka), xudduud (da))

7

ps: n4-m, n8-m

8

syn: antaro, seere, soohdin

9

key: xad_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: steal, rob

2

hm: 2

3

initial: x

4

lx: xad

5

pd: (xaday)

6

ps: v1=tr

7

key: xad_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I do / he does (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -adaa

4

ps: v3a-1sg/3m-prhb

5

xe: I buy rice.

6

xv: Bariis baan iibsadaa

7

key: -adaa_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-ato

2

de: you do not do (X)

3

hm: 1

4

lx: -atid

5

ps: v3-2sg-neg-prhb

6

key: -atid_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: may you do (X)

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -atid

4

ps: v3-2sg-opt

5

xe: May you buy the car from him!

6

xv: =-ato

7

key: -atid_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you all do (X)

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -saan

4

ps: v2a-2pl-prhb

5

xe: you all cook

6

xv: karisaan

7

key: -saan_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: vice president, second in command; sub-chapter Alt sp: madaxige

2

hm: 6

3

lx: madax

4

pd: (/ha)

5

ps: n7-m-cmp

6

key: madax_6

waa la naqliyay ✓