-a_3 — Macnaha & Turjumaada

1

de: don't! [NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE PLURAL] Added to imperative singular form

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v-neg-imp-pl

5

xe: Dont you all bring it!', Ha safeynnina! 'Don't clean it!', Ha imannina! 'Don't come!

6

xv: Ha keenina!

7

key: -a_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I do (X) / he does (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: v1-1sg/3m-prhb

5

xe: I go to the movies.

6

xv: Shaneemada baan tagaa.

7

key: -aa_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: become, get [INCHOATIVE]

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -aw

4

ps: v3a-inch-imp

5

xe: get near';

6

xv: -aan [inf], -aad

7

key: -aw_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I / he did (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ay

4

ps: v1-1sg/3m-past

5

xe: he wrote

6

xv: =-ey

7

key: -ay_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-ka after nouns that end in a vowel

2

de: the [MASCULINE DEFINITE ARTICLE]

3

hm: 3

4

lx: -ha

5

ps: det-m-suf

6

xe: the water

7

xv: biyo ~ biyaha

8

key: -ha_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: -a, -ga, -ha

2

de: the [MASCULINE DEFINITE ARTICLE] Provides new information

3

hm: 3

4

lx: -ka

5

ps: det-m-suf

6

key: -ka_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

FIELD24: qofna

2

FIELD25: no one

3

FIELD26: waxna

4

FIELD27: nothing

5

de: not

6

hm: 3

7

lx: -na

8

ps: neg-suf

9

xe: not one

10

xv: midna

11

key: -na_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

m.dh 1. Waaxda saddexaad ee degmooyinka xiddigaha, xilliga dayrta. 2. Roobka xilliga dayrta da'a. 3. Raar meydka looga sameeyo geedaha korkooda.

waa la naqliyay ✓

m.l 1. Dacool midab sharax-sharax ah iyo qaabab kala duwan leh oo badda laga helo. 2. Roob badan oo muddo dhac da'a. 3. Dhagax adag, midab gaduudan leh oo loo isticmaala qurxinta dhismayaasha. la-mid: kaxarbe.

waa la naqliyay ✓

m.l 1. (dii.) Maalinta uu dhashay Rasuulku (n.k.h.a.). 2. (dii.) Xuska loo sameeyo dhalashada Rasuulka(n.k.h.a.). 3. (dii.) Bishii uu dhashay Rasuulku (n.k.h.a.). la-mid: mowliid, mowluud.

waa la naqliyay ✓

m.l 1. (dii.) Maalinta uu dhashay Rasuulku (n.k.h.a.). 2. (dii.) Xuska loo sameeyo dhalashada Rasuulka(n.k.h.a.). 3. (dii.) Bishii uu dhashay Rasuulku (n.k.h.a.). la-mid: mowliid, mowluud.

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: -ka after c, h, kh, q, x, '

2

de: the [MASCULINE DEFINITE ARTICLE]

3

hm: 1

4

lx: -a

5

ps: det-m-suf

6

xe: the head

7

xv: madaxa

8

key: -a_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you all do (X)! [IMPERATIVE PLURAL]

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v-imp-pl

5

xe: You all eat it!

6

xv: Cuna!

7

key: -a_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: he / she is not ...; they are not ...

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v5a-3-neg-prhb

5

xe: She doesn't like (it).

6

xv: Mey jecla

7

key: -a_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: it is ... who does (X) Reduced subject verb agreement suffix

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -a

4

ps: v-subj-prhb

5

xe: It is I who want it.

6

xv: Aniga ayaa raba.

7

key: -a_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [FUTURE TIME MARKER]

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -a

4

ps: np-time

5

xe: at noon; Contrast -ii, -to

6

xv: duhurka

7

key: -a_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [ATTRIBUTIVE ADJECTIVE DERIVING SUFFIX] Derives attributive adjectives from nouns

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -e

4

ps: adj-atr-suf

5

xe: lower

6

xv: hoose

7

key: -e_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: SUBJECT MARKER Used to mark some feminine nouns (

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -i

4

ps: np-f-subj-suf

5

xe: This is a house. )

6

xv: Kani waa guri.

7

key: -i_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: do not ~ don't (X)!

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -n

4

ps: v2a-neg-imp

5

xe: Dont cook it!

6

xv: Ha karin!

7

key: -n_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I do not / he does not (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -o

4

ps: v1-1sg/3m-neg-prhb

5

xe: He doesnt bring it.

6

xv: Ma keeno.

7

key: -o_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: SUBJECT MARKER

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -u

4

ps: np-subj-suf

5

xe: Where is the place?

6

xv: Meeshu waa xaggee?

7

key: -u_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: hey you! [FEMININE VOCATIVE] Used to call or address a female

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -aay

4

ps: name-f-voc-suf

5

xe: Hey Halima!

6

xv: -eey, -ooy

7

key: -aay_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: may I, let me ... / may he, let him ...

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ado

4

ps: v3a-1sg/3m-opt

5

key: -ado_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: was / were not

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ayn

4

ps: v5a-neg-past

5

xe: He was not slim when he got married.

6

xv: =-eyn

7

key: -ayn_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: that I am / he is doing (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ayo

4

ps: v1-rel-prpg

5

key: -ayo_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-taa

2

de: I do / he does (X)

3

hm: 3

4

lx: -daa

5

ps: v3b-1sg/3m-prhb

6

key: -daa_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I / he did (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -day

4

ps: v3b-1sg/3m-past

5

xe: he went back

6

xv: noqday

7

key: -day_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: do not (X)!, don't you all do (X)!

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ina

4

ps: v1-neg-imp-pl

5

xe: Dont write anything on the desks!

6

xv: Wax ha ku qorina miisaska korkooda!

7

key: -ina_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

FIELD24: =-an

2

de: ADJECTIVE DERIVING SUFFIX

3

hm: 3

4

lx: -san

5

ps: adj-suf

6

xe: good

7

xv: wanaagsan

8

key: -san_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you / she did (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -say

4

ps: v2-2sg/3f-past

5

see: =-sey

6

key: -say_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: you do / she does (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -taa

4

ps: v1-2sg/3f-prhb

5

xe: she goes

6

xv: tagtaa

7

key: -taa_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: my

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -tay

4

ps: pro-det-1sg

5

xe: my daughter

6

xv: =-tayda

7

key: -tay_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I do / he does (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -yaa

4

ps: v2-1sg/3m-prhb

5

xe: he cleans it

6

xv: safeeyaa

7

key: -yaa_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-yey

2

de: I / he did X

3

hm: 3

4

lx: -yay

5

ps: v2-1sg/3m-past

6

key: -yay_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: your

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: pro-det-2sg

5

xe: your name

6

xv: =-kaaga

7

key: -aa_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I / he was

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: v5a-1sg/3m-past

5

xe: He was heavy.

6

xv: Wuu cuslaa.

7

key: -aa_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [FOCUS] Abr: baa

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -aa

4

ps: focus-suf

5

xe: I used to own this shop.

6

xv: Dukaankan anigaa lahaan jirey.

7

key: -aa_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [FEMININE OCCUPATION]

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -ad

4

ps: n1-f-suf

5

xe: female doctor

6

xv: dhakhtarad

7

key: -ad_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: -ism, -cy [ABSTRACT NOUN] Forms an abstract feminine noun

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -ad

4

ps: n1-f-abs-suf

5

xe: imperialism

6

xv: also: -iyad

7

key: -ad_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-kan

2

de: this

3

hm: 4

4

lx: -an

5

ps: det-m-suf

6

xe: this street

7

xv: dariiqan

8

key: -an_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [ADJECTIVE DERIVING SUFFIX] Makes adjectives from verbs

2

hm: 5

3

lx: -an

4

ps: adj-suf

5

xv: aammusan, sugan, xiran

6

key: -an_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [ADJECTIVAL, INCHOATIVE ~ PASSIVE VERB] Derives inchoative verbs from adjectives

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -an

4

ps: v1-inch-suf

5

xe: got sold

6

xv: gadan > gadmay

7

key: -an_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: to [AUTOBENEFACTIVE INFINITIVE]

2

hm: 7

3

lx: -an

4

ps: v3-inf-suf

5

xe: to listen';

6

xv: -i (2)

7

key: -an_7

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: did not (X)

2

hm: 8

3

lx: -an

4

ps: v3-neg-past

5

xe: did not catch

6

xv: =-annin

7

key: -an_8

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-ow

2

de: become, get [INCHOATIVE]

3

hm: 4

4

lx: -aw

5

ps: v1-inch-imp

6

see: =-oob

7

key: -aw_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: he did (X)

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -ay

4

ps: v3-3m-ipst

5

xe: He stopped. (independent past form, used for emphasis)

6

xv: Joogs‡y.

7

key: -ay_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-aay

2

de: hey you! [FEMININE VOCATIVE]

3

hm: 5

4

lx: -ay

5

ps: n-f-voc-suf

6

key: -ay_5

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: my

2

hm: 6

3

lx: -ay

4

ps: pro-det-1sg

5

see: =-kayga

6

key: -ay_6

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: -ta on feminine nouns ending in a vowel, d, h, kh, x, w, y, or '

2

de: the [FEMININE DEFINITE ARTICLE]

3

hm: 1

4

lx: -da

5

ps: det-f-suf

6

key: -da_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: [IMPERATIVE PLURAL]

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -da

4

ps: v3-imp-pl

5

xe: stop!

6

xv: joogsada

7

key: -da_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: PAST TIME MARKER

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ii

4

ps: np-time

5

xe: at noon; Contrast -a

6

xv: duhurkii

7

key: -ii_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: do not, don't (X)!

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -in

4

ps: v1-neg-imp

5

xe: Dont enter!', Ha keenin! 'Don't bring it!

6

xv: Ha galin!

7

key: -in_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: FUTURE TIME MARKER

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -ka

4

ps: np-time

5

xe: next year; Contrast: -kii

6

xv: sannadka dambe

7

key: -ka_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: the [SUBJECT] Refers to the sentence subject

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ku

4

ps: det-m-subj

5

xe: The man is dangerous.

6

xv: Ninku waa khatar.

7

key: -ku_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: not; does not ~ doesn't; do, did ~ will not Introduces negative statement; can also be used as a suffix

2

hm: 1

3

lx: -ma

4

ps: neg

5

key: -ma_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: INTERROGATIVE ~ QUESTION MARKER

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -ma

4

ps: qw-class

5

xe: when?

6

xv: goorma

7

key: -ma_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: and

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -na

4

ps: conj-suf

5

xe: He drank liquor and he got drunk.

6

xv: Khamri buu cabbey wuuna sakhraamay.

7

key: -na_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: it is we who do (X)

2

hm: 4

3

lx: -na

4

ps: v1-1pl-subj-prhb

5

xe: While we were in the house, the letter arrived.

6

xv: Annagoo guriga joogna, warqaddii ayaa timid.

7

key: -na_4

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: let us!; may we do (X)!

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -no

4

ps: v1-1pl-opt

5

xe: Lets drink some tea!

6

xv: Shaah aynu cabno!

7

key: -no_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-koo

2

de: that, those (far away)

3

hm: 3

4

lx: -oo

5

ps: deic-m-suf

6

key: -oo_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: =-aw

2

de: become, get [INCHOATIVE]

3

hm: 3

4

lx: -ow

5

ps: v1-inch-imp

6

see: =-oob

7

key: -ow_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: may you / she do (X)!; let her do (X)!

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -so

4

ps: v2-2sg/3f-opt

5

xe: May she stop the noise!

6

xv: Qaylada ha joojiso!

7

key: -so_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: -dha, -da, -sha

2

de: the [FEMININE DEFINITE ARTICLE] Provides new information

3

hm: 1

4

lx: -ta

5

ps: det-f-suf

6

key: -ta_1

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: IMPERATIVE PLURAL

2

hm: 2

3

lx: -ta

4

ps: v3b-imp-pl

5

xe: catch it!

6

xv: qabta

7

key: -ta_2

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: may you / may she do (X); let her do (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -to

4

ps: v1-2sg/3f-opt

5

xe: Let her go to the games!

6

xv: =-tid

7

key: -to_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: they did (X)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -ye

4

ps: v2-3pl-ipst

5

key: -ye_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: be (X)ing

2

hm: 3

3

lx: -yo

4

ps: v2-rel-prhb

5

key: -yo_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: aydin

2

cf: idinka

3

de: you [plural], ye

4

hm: 3

5

lx: aad

6

ps: vpro-2pl

7

key: aad_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: I am not (in a place) {N & O}

2

hm: 3

3

lx: aal

4

ps: v4c-1sg-neg-prhb

5

key: aal_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: annaga

2

de: we [exclusive]

3

hm: 3

4

lx: aan

5

pd: (aannu)

6

ps: vpro-1pl

7

key: aan_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: burial

2

hm: 3

3

lx: aas

4

pd: (-ka Pl: aasas)

5

ps: n4-m

6

key: aas_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: B [letter of the Somali alphabet] Voiced labial stop or plosive; can be double

2

hm: 3

3

lx: ba'

4

pd: (-da)

5

ps: n-f

6

key: ba'_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: star constellation Pleiades

2

hm: 3

3

lx: bah

4

pd: (-da)

5

ps: n0-loc-f

6

key: bah_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: khamiir

2

de: become impure (water); be curdled, get spoiled (milk)

3

hm: 3

4

lx: baq

5

pd: (baqay / baqday)

6

ps: v1=intr

7

key: baq_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: fail to fill up

2

hm: 3

3

lx: bar

4

pd: (baray)

5

ps: v1=

6

key: bar_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: s.t. completely destroyed by fire and turned to ashes

2

hm: 3

3

lx: bas

4

pd: (-ka)

5

ps: n0-m

6

key: bas_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: don't you dare!, you'd better not! Expresses warning or challenge

2

hm: 3

3

lx: car

4

ps: intj

5

syn: wir

6

key: car_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

a: deel

2

de: D [letter of the Somali alphabet] Voiced dental stop or plosive; can be double

3

hm: 3

4

lx: da'

5

pd: (-da)

6

ps: n-f

7

key: da'_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: trapping

2

hm: 3

3

lx: dab

4

pd: (-ka)

5

ps: vn-m

6

key: dab_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

bw: Arabic

2

de: tambourine

3

hm: 3

4

lx: daf

5

pd: (-ka Pl: dafaf (ka))

6

ps: n4-m

7

key: daf_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: interest, aim, objective

2

hm: 3

3

lx: dan

4

pd: (-ta)

5

ps: n1-f

6

key: dan_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: sake, reason Used with possessives

2

hm: 3

3

lx: dar

4

pd: (-ta)

5

ps: n0-f

6

xe: because of you

7

xv: aw

8

key: dar_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: put a spell on, work magic {N & C}

2

hm: 3

3

lx: fal

4

pd: (falay / fashay)

5

ps: v1=

6

key: fal_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: act of entering; entrance

2

hm: 3

3

lx: gal

4

pd: (-ka)

5

ps: vn-m

6

key: gal_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: hook

2

hm: 3

3

lx: gan

4

pd: (-ta)

5

ps: n1-f

6

key: gan_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: make a mark on a camel's lip

2

hm: 3

3

lx: gar

4

pd: (garay)

5

ps: v1=

6

key: gar_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: feed a baby from a cup

2

hm: 3

3

lx: hab

4

pd: (habay)

5

ps: v1=

6

key: hab_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: kill

2

hm: 3

3

lx: had

4

pd: (haday)

5

ps: v1=

6

key: had_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: matter, affair

2

hm: 3

3

lx: hal

4

pd: (-ka Pl: halal (ka))

5

ps: n4-m

6

key: hal_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: first cousin (child of maternal uncle)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: ina

4

pd: (-ga ~ -da Pl: ilma-abti (ga))

5

ps: n2a-m/f, n8-m/f

6

key: ina_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: loose flakes of tree-bark

2

hm: 3

3

lx: jaf

4

pd: (-ka)

5

ps: n4-m-col

6

key: jaf_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: role; part (but connotes deceit and trickery)

2

hm: 3

3

lx: jar

4

pd: (-ta)

5

ps: n-f

6

key: jar_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: whole thing; uncooked grain; [atr.] complete, unmixed

2

hm: 3

3

lx: jaw

4

pd: (-da)

5

ps: n-f

6

key: jaw_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: than you [COMPARATIVE]

2

hm: 3

3

lx: kaa

4

ps: pro + prep

5

xe: Kadar is taller than you.

6

xv: Khadar wuu kaa dheeryahay.

7

key: kaa_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: shoe, sandal

2

hm: 3

3

lx: kab

4

pd: (-ta)

5

ps: n1-f

6

key: kab_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

cf: laf, dhudhun

2

de: bone of the forearm

3

hm: 3

4

lx: kal

5

pd: (/sha)

6

ps: n1-f

7

key: kal_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: steam

2

hm: 3

3

lx: kar

4

pd: (-ka)

5

ps: n0-m-mass

6

key: kar_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: fresh milk

2

hm: 3

3

lx: mac

4

pd: (-da)

5

ps: n0-f-mass

6

syn: dhay

7

key: mac_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: time, occasion, instance

2

hm: 3

3

lx: mar

4

pd: (-ka Pl: marar (ka))

5

ps: n4-m-time

6

xe: jeer, goor, waqti, xilli

7

xv: kol

8

key: mar_3

waa la naqliyay ✓

1

de: pride, haughtiness, arrogance

2

hm: 3

3

lx: qab

4

pd: (-ka Pl: qabab (ka))

5

ps: n4-m

6

key: qab_3

waa la naqliyay ✓